THE ATYPICAL COMPLICATIONS OF GRAVE’S DISEASE: PANCYTOPENIA, CHRONIC HEPATIC INJURY, AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION -AN COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Venkataramanan.S*, Eshika Ellyson Erich, Siti NurHannah Irdina binti Hasmar Honiz, Sivarani Kulasegaran, Stephenie Tamil Many
Page No. 34-40

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone in the body. Graves' disease is a common type of hyperthyroidism in developed countries. It is more common between the ages of 30 and 60, and women are 5-10 times more likely to develop it than men. Every disease is associated with complications that manifest as signs and symptoms. As a result, Graves' disease has a few atypical complications that are difficult to detect. According to research, Grave’s disease causes Pancytopenia which is defined as an increase in all three hematologic cell lines. The condition is not a disease in and of itself, but rather a common pathway caused by a variety of different etiologies that can be contagious, autoimmune, hereditary, nutritional, and/or malignant. Also, chronic liver disease is characterized by the progressive deterioration of liver functions. Liver functions include the production of clotting factors and other proteins, detoxification of harmful metabolic products, and bile excretion. This is a continuous process of liver parenchymal inflammation, destruction, and regeneration that leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the terminal stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by disruption of liver architecture, the formation of widespread nodules, vascular reorganization, neo-angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition. The other atypical complication that is commonly found is pulmonary hypertension. High blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply the lungs is referred to as pulmonary hypertension. It is a severe condition that can cause damage to the right side of the heart. The pulmonary artery walls thicken and stiffen, making it difficult for blood to pass through. The reduced blood flow makes the right side of the heart work harder to pump blood through the arteries.
Keywords: Grave’s Disease, atypical complications, pancytopenia, chronic hepatic injury, pulmonary hypertension.